Thanks for the advice, Tony.
Just to close the loop, I figured I report on the final status.
The bad-block scan ran to completion without errors. The only message from the e2fsck was "File System Modified". That unfortunately is a little cryptic, but ... oh well.
This Slave disk had some light reading and heavy writing traffic on it when the problem first occurred, including deletion of several dozen files in the 1-4 GB range, just prior to a heavy writing operation. All this activity came from one and the same WinXP system on a GigaBit LAN. I am suspecting (not 100% but a reasonable guestimate) Windows Explorer as the cause of the problem.
Since two days ago no additional console messages.
Yesterday I did a full compare of a 2 day-older mirror to the most current files (about 200GB worth of "stuff") on the affected disk. I used TotalCommander 6.56 (a free download) from Windows Vista for the compare (including content). With the obvious exception of the expected missing files (the one I purposely deleted) all compared fine.
So ... for now ... all is back to normal, and no data loss.

Georg