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So, DHCP assigns IPs within the range specified, but each PC can set its own static IP within and outside the DHCP range?
Very short answer, "yes".
If a computer wants to connect to your network and it does not have a static IP adress then the DHCP server will assign that computer an IP address inside the range of numbers allowed (in your case that is 192.168.0.100 to 192.168.0.199).
On the other hand, if a computer wants to connect to your network and it has a static IP address and that static IP address is within the range of IP addresses the router knows about, then it still can connect.
Generally, IP addresses for a given segment range from XXX.XXX.XXX.0 to XXX.XXX.XXX.254 for a total of 255 possible IP addresses. Your gateway address is usually 192.168.0.1 (that's how you get to your router's configuration page). That means that technically, your router can have 253 systems connected to it via a series of switches and hubs.
What you were doing before was fine by connecting to your network with a static IP address of 192.168.0.108. I just like to keep my static IP addresses separate from the dynamic IP addresses so that is why I suggested you assign any system outside your Dynamic IP address range an IP address greater that the DHCP range you specified.
It is really a matter of trying to keep things straight so you know which systems are static and can identify those that connected to your network via DHCP.